RESUMEN El ácido alfa lipoico (AAL) ha sido caracterizado como un antioxidante eficiente. Se ha propuesto como un agente terapéutico potencial en el tratamiento o prevención de diferentes alteraciones que pueden estar relacionadas con un desequilibrio del estado celular oxidoreductor. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la sensibilidad a la peroxidación no enzimática (PNE) (ascorbato-Fe++ dependiente) en mitocondrias de corazón y cerebro de ratas incubadas con una solución de AAL. La PNE fue evaluada por el método de quimioluminiscencia (QL). Cuando se compararon las muestras control (sin el agregado del ascorbato-Fe++) con las muestras ascorbato-Fe++ dependientes, se observó un incremento significativo en la emisión lumínica. Simultáneamente, se incubaron las mitocondrias de ambos órganos con diferentes concentraciones de AAL (0,05, 0,15 y 0,25 mg/ml) observándose una protección diferencial. Las mitocondrias de cerebro de rata incubadas con dosis de 0,15 y 0,25 mg/ml de AAL fueron protegidas de los efectos de la PNE, mientras que, en las mitocondrias cardíacas, solo se observó protección con la dosis más alta de AAL (0,25 mg/ml). El análisis de QL indicó que las mitocondrias de cerebro fueron protegidas de manera más eficiente que las mitocondrias de corazón de rata. En este último caso, será necesario probar nuevas dosis de AAL para demostrar los efectos en estas membranas. En conclusión, AAL actuó como un antioxidante protector de las membranas de ambos órganos contra el daño peroxidativo.

ABSTRACT Alphalipoc acid (ALA) has been characterized as an efficient antioxidant. It has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment or prevention of different pathologies that may be related to an imbalance of the oxido reductive cell state. The objective of this work was to analyze the sensitivity to non-enzymatic peroxidation (NEP) (ascorbate-Fe++ dependent) in heart and brain mitochondria of rats incubated with an ALA solution. NEP was evaluated by the chemiluminescence method (CL). When the control samples (without the addition of ascorbate-Fe++) were compared with the ascorbate-Fe++ dependent samples, a significant increase in the light emission. Simultaneously, the mitochondria of both organs were incubated with different concentrations of ALA (0.05, 0,15 and 0,25 mg/ml), observing a differential protection. Rat brain mitochondria incubated with doses of 0.15 and 0,25 mg/ml of ALA were protected from the effects of NEP, while in cardiac mitochondria, protection was only observed with the highest dose of ALA (0,25 mg/ml). The CL analysis indicated that rat brain mitochondria were protected more efficiently than rat heart mitochondria. In the latter case, it will be necessary to test new doses of ALA to demonstrate the effects on these membranes. In conclusion, ALA acted as a protective antioxidant of the membranes of both organs against peroxidative damage.

Boar sperm is especially susceptible to peroxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chemiluminescence was initiated by incubating porcine semen in an in vitro ascorbate-Fe++ system, a technique that allows the evaluation of oxidative stress in these cells. Lutein is known for its antioxidant effects, chemically it is a dihydric derivative of α-carotene and belongs to the group of xanthophylls. The main objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of lutein on boar spermatozoa. The effect of lutein was analyzed by two methods: 1) by adding lutein: the sperm samples were placed in an in vitro ascorbate- Fe++ system, during 120 min at 37°C adding increasing amounts of lutein (50, 150 and 250 μg) per mg of protein and 2) by incubation with lutein in an in vitro ascorbate-Fe+2 system, for 120 min at 37°C, using spermatozoa obtained from porcine semen samples previously incubated with lutein (0.15 and 0.25 mg/ml) during 24 h at 15°C. In both methods a control group (without lutein) was used. Peroxidation was measured by chemiluminescence using a liquid scintillation counter, the light emission being quantified in cpm (counts per minute). Analyzing the effect of lutein by the two methods, it was observed that the total amount of cpm/mg of protein originated by chemiluminescence was lower in samples obtained from the lutein group than in the control group (without lutein). Total chemiluminescence (cpm total) was lower in samples obtained from the lutein group than in the control group (without lutein), with a significance of p<0.005. Percent inhibition of peroxidation was not concentration dependent. These results would demonstrate that lutein could act as an antioxidant that would protect the membranes of the sperm from oxidative damage

Abstract In this work, it is shown the feasibility for obtaining silver nanoparticles by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and their simultaneous incorporation during deposition of thin layers of aluminum oxide to get a Cermet coating of Al2O3-Ag. The synthesis of these Cermets was achieved on the basis of both the simultaneous pyrolysis of silver nitrate and aluminum acetylacetonate on different substrates: Quartz, glass, crystalline silicon (c-Si), and titanium at temperatures of 500, 550 and 600°C. The structural properties of the Cermets were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray diffraction. For the optical properties, UV-vis spectroscopy was used to obtain the optical Absorbance of the Cermets, while the Reflectance was obtained by UV-vis-IR spectroscopy measurements. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the intensity of the absorption peak (plasmon) was limited to the concentration of silver nitrate, and it shifted toward shorter wavelengths with the decrease in the size of the Ag nanoparticles inside the Cermets. The plasmon position of Ag nanoparticles in the different samples was found to be centered at 504 nm, 506 nm, 497 nm and 475 nm for samples deposited with 0.1 mol, 0.05 mol, 0.02 mol, and 0.01 mol of Ag(NO3), respectively. The shape of the Ag nanoparticles was approximately spherical, ranging from 4 nm to 35 nm, and their concentration was proportional to the concentration of Ag(NO3) included in the spray solution. By means of the UV-Vis Spectroscopy-IR and FT-IR, in the best of cases, a solar absorptance of 0.83 and an infrared thermal emittance of 0.14, for a sample of Al2O3-Ag prepared with 0.1 mol of Ag(NO3) in the precursor solution, were obtained.

It is well established that during exercising, an increase in the production of free radicals occurs, which can break the oxide-reducing balance of the cell causing DNA damage. The aim of this study was to establish the existence of DNA damage in circulating leukocytes of horses undergoing sub-maximal exercise by using the comet assay. Five horses subjected to a standardized exercise test were used. Samples were extracted before starting the exercise and, then, at 8.5 m/s, at 15 m/s, and 1 and 30 min post-exercise. Simultaneously, oxygen consumption during the exercise test was measured. The frequency of cells with DNA damage was 0.448, 0.537, 0.617, 0.556 and 0.592 respectively, being significant the differences from the baseline values over time (p<0.05). Then, the cells were classified by levels of damage, with significant increases (p<0.05), especially at 15 m/s and 30 min after exercise. A significant association between the frequency of cells with DNA damage and oxygen consumption during standardized exercise test is observed. These results suggest that genotoxic damage inducing factors occur mainly during physical exertion.

Esta claramente establecido que durante el ejercicio se produce un aumento en la produccion de radicales libres que pueden romper el equilibrio oxido-reductor y causar dano en el ADN. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer la existencia de dano en el ADN en leucocitos circulantes de equinos sometidos a ejercicio sub-maximo mediante el empleo del ensayo cometa. Se usaron cinco equinos sometidos a un test estandarizado de ejercicio, a los que se les extrajeron muestras antes de comenzar el ejercicio, a los 8,5 m/s, a los 15 m/s, y 1 y 30 min post-ejercicio. Simultaneamente se realizo una ergoespirometria continua para determinar el consumo de oxigeno durante el test de ejercicio. La frecuencia de celulas con dano en el ADN fue 0,448, 0,537, 0,617, 0,556 y 0,592 respectivamente, observandose diferencias significativas con respecto a los valores del tiempo basal (p<0,05). Luego las celulas se clasificaron por niveles de dano, observandose incrementos significativos (p<0,05) especialmente a los 15 m/s y 30 min post-ejercicio. Se observo una asociacion significativa entre la frecuencia de celulas con dano en el ADN y el consumo de oxigeno durante el test estandarizado de ejercicio. Estos resultados sugieren que los factores inductores de dano genotoxico se producen mayoritariamente durante el esfuerzo fisico.

Domestic animals are exposed to toxicants that may cause mild to severe poisonings. Poisonous plants are a common threat to large animals and from time to time ornamental plants affect pets. Veterinarians are not always familiarized with the poisonous species in their geographic area and the potential damage they may cause. Brunfelsia sp. ("yesterday-today-and tomorrow", Solanaceae) is an attractive shrub with flowers that change from purple to white. The plant is poisonous due to the presence of tropane alkaloids. In this work we present a fatal and a non-fatal case due to the ingestion of Brunfelsia australis in two dogs. In the first case, the animal showed neurological signs and vomit with plant material consisted of fruits and small brown seeds. In the second case, the dog showed neurological signs as well and had green diarrhea with small pieces of stems and leaves. Both vomit and diarrhea samples were submitted to our laboratory. Their macroscopic and microscopic analysis together with the comparison of patterns in our database allowed the identification of the plant materials as part of B. australis. The examination of biological samples can be considered a complementary diagnostic method when a poisoning due to plant ingestion is suspected. For B. australis it can be stated that the ingestion of fruits is dangerous with a possible fatal outcome, and that the ingestion of leaves and stems is in general less harmful. Veterinarians must be familiarized with the morphology and chemical composition of poisonous ornamental plants present in their area, in order to establish an appropriate treatment.

Los animales domésticos se hallan expuestos a diferentes sustancias que pueden provocar intoxicaciones leves a graves. Las producidas por la ingestión de plantas son comunes en grandes animales pero también pueden constituir un problema para mascotas. Los veterinarios en general no están familiarizados con las plantas nativas de su zona geográfica y el daño potencial que pueden causar. El género Brunfelsia ("jazmín paraguayo", Solanaceae) incluye arbustos atractivos por sus flores que cambian de color púrpura a blanco, circunstancia que les otorga el nombre común de "ayer, hoy y mañana". La intoxicación provocada por esta planta se debe a su elevada concentración de alcaloides tropánicos. En este trabajo se presentan dos casos de intoxicación por Brunfelsia australis en caninos, uno de ellos fatal. El canino que murió presentó signos neurológicos y vómitos que contenían material vegetal con pequeños fragmentos similares a frutos y semillas de color marrón oscuro. El otro canino también presentó signos neurológicos y diarrea de color verde que contenía material vegetal con fragmentos de hojas y tallos. Ambas muestras fueron examinadas por observación macroscópica/microscópica y comparación con patrones de referencia, comprobándose que correspondían a B. australis. Además de los hallazgos clínicos, el análisis de muestras biológicas constituye un método complementario para el diagnóstico de intoxicaciones provocadas por plantas. Para el caso particular de B. australis se comprueba que la ingestión de frutos puede resultar fatal y que la ingestión de hojas y ramas produciría una intoxicación menos grave. Se destaca la necesidad de que los profesionales se familiaricen con la morfología y composición química de las plantas ornamentales tóxicas propias de su región, para poder instaurar el tratamiento adecuado.

Resumen La hemorragia posparto es una de las principales complicaciones maternas que genera morbimortalidad. Se asocia diversas causas, como atonía uterina, retención de restos placentarios y coagulopatías. Una poco conocida es la infección por Ascarislumbricoides. Se realiza la revisión de un caso clínico de paciente de 16 años de edad, que evolucionó a histerectomía secundaria a ascariasis y muerte materna, que ingresó al Servicio de Urgencias Obstétricas del Hospital de la Universidad del Norte. Según nuestro conocimiento, es el primer caso descrito en nuestro país en el que se sospecha la asociación de hemorragia posparto y la infección por Ascarislumbricoides.

Abstract Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the most important obstetrical complications, having a high morbidity and mortality rate. It is associated to different causes such as uterine atony, placental birth alterations, and coagulopathy. One not so well-known cause is the infestation with the parasite Ascarislumbricoides. We report a case of a 16-year-old patient who required an emergency postpartum hysterectomy until progressing to death due to ascariasis. To our current knowledge, this is the first reported case in Colombia where there is a suspected association between the infestation with Ascarislumbricoides and postpartum hemorrhage.

Background and Objectives: Mindfulness-based therapies have demonstrated effectiveness in many clinical contexts. Various therapies that train mindfulness skills have proliferated in recent years. There is increasing interest in mindfulness-based therapies and in incorporating instruments that measure mindfulness in order to understand its role in clinical and basic research. The Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a questionnaire for measuring mindfulness; it was derived from a factor analysis of five different questionnaires that measure a trait-like general tendency to be mindful in daily life. The objective of this study is to validate the FFMQ in a Spanish sample. Methods: The FFMQ was administered to a sample of 462 subjects ranging from 18 to 63 years (X = 27.9; SD = 9.75). The sample was composed by clinical (n = 146) and non-clinical (n = 226) subsamples. Results: The internal reliability of the scales ranged from acceptable to very good. Convergent analysis was conducted by computing Pearson's correlations, showing high correlations. The factorial structure is the same as that proposed by Baer et al. Conclusions: The FFMQ proved to be an effective instrument for measuring mindfulness in clinical and non-clinical Spanish samples.

One of the research and technological innovation processes which are developed within the project «Biomass as renewable energy source for rural areas» (BIOMAS-CUBA) is related to biogas and biofertilizer production from biodigester effluents, in agroenergy farms, where food and energy are produced, in an integrated way. The technologies selected for constructing anaerobic biodigesters have been: fixed dome (Chinese model), plastic tube or polyethylene with continuous flow (Taiwan type) and anaerobic lagoon covered with a high density polyethylene geomembrane. From these technologies 69 biodigesters were constructed or repaired to a lesser extent-, in farms from the provinces Matanzas, Sancti Spiritus and Las Tunas, at the Experimental Station «Indio Hatuey», in the mountain community Magueyal (Santiago de Cuba), in a pig production facility from Las Tunas and a livestock production farm belonging to the Ministry of Interior, in Jovellanos (Matanzas province). These 69 biodigesters comprised a total digestion capacity of 1 665 m3 and generated productions of 600 060 m3 of biogas, which were used for cooking food and feedstuffs, electricity generation and brick firing; as well as 2 601 t of biofertilizers, used for improving the fertility of 1 830 ha of soils; in addition, they allow eliminating the contamination produced by cattle and pig dung in the productive scenarios, which generates a positive environmental impact. The installation was carried out of 52 bioproduct production plants from biodigester effluents, enriched with native microorganisms, which are used in animal and plant health, crop nutrition, elimination of bad odors in livestock production facilities, bioremediation of lagoons contaminated with organic residues and in bioceramic filters

Uno de los procesos de investigación e innovación tecnológica que se desarrollan en el marco del proyecto «La biomasa como fuente renovable de energía para el medio rural» (BIOMAS-CUBA) está relacionado con la producción de biogás y bioabonos a partir de los efluentes de biodigestores, en fincas agroenergéticas, donde se producen alimentos y energía, de forma integrada. Las tecnologías seleccionadas para la construcción de biodigestores anaeróbicos han sido: la cúpula fija (modelo chino), el tubular plástico o de manga de polietileno con flujo continuo (tipo Taiwán) y la laguna anaeróbica cubierta con una geomembrana de polietileno de alta densidad. A partir de estas se construyeron o repararon en menor medida 69 biodigestores, en fincas campesinas de las provincias de Matanzas, Sancti Spíritus y Las Tunas, en la Estación Experimental «Indio Hatuey», en la comunidad de Montaña Magueyal (Santiago de Cuba), en un centro de producción porcina de Las Tunas y en una granja agropecuaria del Ministerio del Interior, en Jovellanos (provincia de Matanzas). Estos 69 biodigestores abarcaron una capacidad total de digestión de 1 665 m3 y generaron producciones de 600 060 m3 de biogás, que se utilizaron en la cocción de alimento humano y animal, la generación de electricidad y la cocción de ladrillos; así como 2 601 t de bioabonos, empleados en la mejora de la fertilidad de 1 830 ha de suelos; además permiten eliminar la contaminación provocada por excretas vacunas y porcinas en los escenarios productivos, lo cual genera un impacto ambiental positivo. Se instalaron 52 plantas de producción de bioproductos a partir de efluentes de biodigestores, enriquecidos con microorganismos nativos, los cuales se utilizan en la sanidad animal y vegetal, la nutrición de cultivos, la eliminación de malos olores en instalaciones pecuarias, la biorremediación de lagunas contaminadas con residuales orgánicos y en los filtros de biocerámicas

Objectives of this study were to determine the fatty acid composition and to analyze the sensitivity to lipid peroxidation of different boar fresh semen samples from two herds, H1 and H2. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated using chemiluminescence (cpm/mg of protein) and fatty acid profile by means of gas chromatography. The saturated fatty acid content found in the analyzed spermatozoa was approximately 43% in H1 and 33% in H2, whereas the total unsaturated fatty acid content was 47% in H1 and 59% in H2. When control and ascorbate-Fe++ dependent samples were compared, it was observed a significant increase in light emission. Consequently, significant decrease in the percentage of the polyunsaturated fatty acids was determined, being more affected: C22: 5 n6 and C22: 6 n3 in both herds, whereas C20: 4 n6 and C22: 4 n6 only in H2. The great amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids found in H2 samples could be related to the loss of acrosomal integrity. Our results indicate that boar semen contains great amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid in its composition, which were vulnerable to the lipid peroxidation

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la composición de ácidos grasos y la sensibilidad a la peroxidación lipídica en diferentes muestras de semen fresco porcino de dos granjas, GP1 y GP2. La peroxidación lipídica fue evaluada utilizando quimioluminiscencia (cpm/mg de proteína) y el perfil de ácidos grasos fue valorado por cromatografía gaseosa. El porcentaje de ácidos grasos saturados hallado en los espermatozoides analizados de GP1 y GP2 fue de 43 y 33% aproximadamente, mientras que el porcentaje total de ácidos grasos insaturados fue de 47% en GP1 y 59% en GP2. Cuando se compararon las muestras control con las muestras ascorbato-Fe++ dependientes, se observó un incremento significativo en la emisión lumínica. Consecuentemente se obtuvo una disminución significativa en el porcentaje de los ácidos grasos polinosaturados, siendo los más afectados C22: 5 n6 y C22: 6 n3 en ambos establecimientos, mientras que sólo C20:4 n6 y C22:4 n6 en GP2. La mayor cantidad de ácidos grasos polinosaturados en GP2 guardó relación con una menor calidad seminal, medida sobretodo en el porcentaje de acrosomas normales. Los resultados indican que el semen porcino contiene grandes cantidades de ácidos grasos polinosaturados vulnerables a la peroxidación lipídica

Much work has been carried out on non-enzymatic induced lipid peroxidation from different tissues of rat, but little information is available about this process in chinchilla. Studies were carried out to determine the levels of lipid peroxidation of homogenates isolated from liver, heart and kidney of chinchilla and rat. Fatty acids located in total lipids of tissues studied were determined using gas chromatography and lipid peroxidation was evaluated by chemiluminescence assay. The lipid peroxidation process was more effective in rat liver and kidney homogenates than in chinchilla. In homogenates from liver and kidney of both species a significant decrease of C20:4n6 and C22:6n3 acids were observed during lipoperoxidation. However, changes were not observed in the fatty acid profiles of heart. In the heart fatty acid profile does not appear to be responsible for the different susceptibility to the lipid peroxidation. These results indicate that a low degree of fatty acid unsaturation in liver and kidney chinchilla, may confer advantage by decreasing their sensitivity to lipid peroxidation process of this specie.

Peroxidación lipídica no enzimática en hígado, corazón y riñón de chinchilla y rata. Si bien se han realizado varios ensayos de peroxidación lipídica no enzimática en diferentes tejidos de rata, se tiene muy poca información acerca de este proceso en chinchillas. En el presente estudio se llevaron a cabo determinaciones comparativas acerca de los niveles de peroxidación lipídica en homogenatos aislados de hígado, corazón y riñón en chinchillas y ratas. Los ácidos grasos localizados en los lípidos totales de los tejidos estudiados fueron analizados utilizando cromatografía gaseosa y el proceso de peroxidación lipídica fue determinado mediante ensayos de quimioluminiscencia. El proceso de peroxidación lipídica fue más efectivo en homogenatos de hígado y riñón de rata que en los mismos tejidos aislados de chinchilla. Durante este proceso se observó que en homogenatos de hígado y riñón de ambas especies se produjo una disminución en el porcentaje de los ácidos grasos C20:4 n6 y C22:6 n3. Sin embargo estos cambios no fueron observados en el perfil de ácidos grasos de corazón. En este órgano, el perfil de ácidos grasos no parece ser responsable de su susceptibilidad a la peroxidación lipídica. Estos resultados indican que el bajo porcentaje de insaturación de hígado y riñón de chinchilla, podría conferir una ventaja debido a la disminución en la susceptibilidad al proceso de peroxidación lipídica en esta especie y esto podría representar una ventaja adaptativa frente a otras especies de roedores.

Os registros de 63.406 partos de vacas Siboney (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Cebu de Cuba) foram utilizados para estimar os componentes de (co)variância de dias vazios (DV). Utilizaram-se cinco modelos: de repetitividade; univariado; bivariado; de regressão aleatória com polinômios de Legendre e número de partos como variável preditiva; e de regressão aleatória com polinômios de Legendre e heterogeneidade da variância residual. A herdabilidade obtida com o modelo univariado foi de 0,09 no primeiro e diminuiu a 0,05 no quinto parto. Uma estimativa de herdabilidade mais alta (0,12) foi obtida com o modelo de repetitividade. Quando foi usado o modelo de regressão aleatória com heterogeneidade da variância residual a herdabilidade foi superior aos valores estimados com os modelos anteriores. As correlações genéticas entre os DV em distintos partos, estimadas com os modelos de regressão aleatória com e sem heterogeneidade da variância residual, foram próximos a 1,0. Concluiu-se que as estimativas de herdabilidade foram incrementadas com o uso dos modelos de regressão aleatória. As correlações genéticas entre os DV de diferentes partos indicaram que, nos três primeiros, os DV são regulados na sua maior proporção pelos mesmos genes.

The records of 63,406 calvings of Siboney dairy cows (5/8 Holstein 3/8 Cuban Zebu) were used to estimate the components of covariance of the days open (DO). Five models were used: of repeatability; univariate; bivariate; of random regression with Legendre polynomials and the parity number as predicting variable; and a model of random regression with Legendre polynomials and heterogeneity of the residual variance. The heritability obtained with the univariate model was 0.09 in the first calving and decreased to 0.05 in the fifth. A higher estimate of heritability (0.12) was obtained with the repeatability model. When the model of random regression with heterogeneity of the residual variance was used, the heritability was higher than the values estimated with the previous models. The genetic correlations among the DO in different calvings, estimated with the models of random regression with and without heterogeneity of the residual variance, were close to 1.0. It is concluded that the estimates of heritability increased with the use of the random regression models. The genetic correlations among the DO of different calvings indicated that in the first three, the DO are regulated for the most part by the same genes.

Rationale: Hematological patients often present anorexia which along with other secondary effects from the chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatments compromise their nutritional status. Oral supplementation can aid to fulfill the energy and protein requirements of these patients. Nevertheless, the use of commercial nutritional supplements normally available, is limited by its poor intake. Objective: To evaluate the degree of fulfillment of the prescribed supplements and fulfillment of energy requirements, as well as the development of nutritional status in hematological patients hospitalized for treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Methods: Prospective, randomized and open study of inpatients at the hematological ward. Patients were randomized sequentially and they were assigned into 3 different nutritional interventions providing: Group 1 (G1), a flavored supplement; Group 2 (G2): a non flavored (neutral) supplement and Group 3 (G3): "kitchen" foods as supplements. Need and amount of nutritional supplements were provided according to the oral intake previously analyzed. Nutritional assessment (at admission and discharge) was based in the Subjective Global Assessment test (SGA), Risk Nutritional Index (RNI) and percentage of lost weight. Both fulfillment of supplement intake and achievement of energetic requirements were analyzed. Results: 125 patients of 51.3 ± 16.8 years; 45% men and 55% women. Diagnosis: 54% lymphoma, 33% leukemia, 8% myeloma and others 4%. Length of stay (LOS): 7.0 ± 3.6 d. The nutritional assessment done by SGA showed significant negative changes in G2 and G3 (G1: 30% developed malnutrition and 28% improved their nutritional status, p = NS; G2: 50% developed malnutrition against 7% whom improved their nutritional status, p = 0.002; y G3: 37% developed malnutrition against 21% whom improved their nutritional status, p = 0.02). According to RNI, patients evolved negatively from their nutritional state but no significant differences were found within groups (G1, from 81% of malnutrition to 90%; G2, from 77% to 91%, and G3 from 71% to 85%). Globally, during hospitalization patients lost weight significantly (2.3 ± 2.2 kg, p < 0.001), but within groups weight loss differences were not significant (G1, 1.16 kg; G2, 1.75 kg, y G3, 1.17 kg). All three groups required intake of supplements (G1, 47%; G2, 30%, and G3, 47%). The percentage of fulfillment of oral intake was similar in both commercial supplemented groups (G1, 47% and G2, 58%) although it was significantly greater in those receiving kitchen supplements (G3, 100%, p < 0.001). The fulfillment of energy requirements at admission and discharge did not showed significant changes (G1, from 53% to 46%; G2, from 67% to 52% and G3 from 49% to 55%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that hematological patients admitted to hospital for treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy loose weight during their hospitalization and present intakes below their energy requirements so they need supplementation. Kitchen supplements are better accepted than commercial ones although that does not result in an increased total energy intake. The group which received commercial flavored supplements was the only one which did not showed negative significant changes in the nutritional status evaluated by SGA.

Introducción: Los pacientes afectos de neoplasias hematológicas presentan con frecuencia anorexia que sumada a los efectos secundarios del tratamiento con quimioterapia y/o radioterapia comprometen su estado nutricional. La suplementación oral puede ayudar a cumplir los requerimientos energético-proteicos de estos pacientes. No obstante, el uso de los suplementos nutritivos comerciales habitualmente disponibles está limitado por su pobre aceptación. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de cumplimiento de la prescripción de suplementos y de los requerimientos energéticos así como de la evolución del estado nutricional en pacientes hematológicos hospitalizados para tratamiento con quimioterapia y/o radioterapia. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo, aleatorio y abierto de pacientes ingresados en la planta de hematología. De forma secuencial los pacientes se asignaron a 3 tipos de intervención nutricional: Grupo 1 (G1), suplemento comercial oral con sabores; Grupo 2 (G2), suplemento comercial oral de sabor neutro, y Grupo 3 (G3), suplemento de cocina. Necesidad y cantidad de suplementos nutricionales pautados en función de la ingesta calórica calculada. Valoración nutricional (al ingreso y al alta) mediante Valoración Global Subjetiva (VGS), Índice de Riesgo Nutricional (IRN) y % de pérdida de peso (%PP). Se analizaron tanto el cumplimiento de la ingesta de suplementos como el cumplimiento de los requerimientos energéticos. Resultados: Se analizaron 125 pacientes de 51,3 ± 16,8 años (45% hombres y 55% mujeres). Diagnósticos: 54% linfoma; 33% leucemia; 8% mieloma y 4% otros. Estancia hospitalaria: 7,0 ± 3,6 días. La valoración nutricional mostró cambios significativos negativos en los pacientes de los grupos G2 y G3 con respecto a la VGS (G1: 30% desarrollaron malnutrición y 28% mejoraron su estado nutricional, p = NS; G2: 50% desarrollaron malnutrición frente al 7% que mejoraron su estado de nutrición, p = 0,002; y G3: 37% desarrollaron malnutrición versus el 21% que mejoró su estado de nutrición, p = 0,02). Según el IRN, los pacientes evolucionaron negativamente de su estado de nutrición, sin que las diferencias fueran significativas (G1, del 81% de malnutrición al 90%; G2, del 77% al 91%, y G3 del 71% al 85%). Globalmente, durante la hospitalización los pacientes perdieron peso de manera significativa (2,3 ± 2,2 kg, p < 0,001), sin que fueran significativas las pérdidas de cada grupo (G1, 1,16 kg; G2, 1,75 kg, y G3, 1,17 kg). Todos los grupos presentaron necesidad de suplementos (G1, 47%; G2, 30%, y G3, 47%). El porcentaje de cumplimiento de la ingesta de suplemento fue similar en los grupos con suplementos comerciales (G1, 47% y G2, 58%) siendo significativamente mayor en los que recibieron suplementos de cocina (G3, 100%, p < 0,001). El cumplimiento de los requerimientos energéticos al ingreso y alta del paciente no mostró cambios significativos (G1, del 53% al 46%; G2, del 67% al 52% y G3 del 49% al 55%). Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que los pacientes hematológicos ingresados en el hospital por tratamiento con quimioterapia y/o radioterapia pierden peso durante su hospitalización y presentan ingestas inferiores a sus requerimientos energéticos por lo que requieren suplementos. Los suplementos de cocina son mejor aceptados que los suplementos comerciales pero ello no comporta que incrementen las ingestas energéticas totales. El grupo que recibió suplementos comerciales con sabores fue el único que no presentó cambios negativos significativos en el estado de nutrición evaluada por la VGS.

We report the clinical-radiological case of a 25 year-old female patient who developed reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) in the postpartum period, without evidence of preeclampsia-eclampsia or chronic arterial hypertension. RPLS is associated with diverse clinical entities including eclampsia. Ten days after giving birth, the patient presented with clinical symptoms of headache, elevated blood pressure and seizures. Reversible vasogenic oedema affecting the white matter in the posterior regions was the characteristic finding in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Although the prognosis is favourable, treatment needs to be early and aggressive, with rapid control of the convulsions and arterial hypertension, with the aim of preventing ischemia and cerebral infarct from developing. There is a need to be highly alert and to consider the diagnosis of RPLS in women presenting with convulsions and other neurological symptoms in postpartum.

Describimos el caso clínico-radiológico de una paciente de 25 años que desarrolló una leucoencefalopatía posterior reversible (LPR) en el periodo posparto, sin evidencia de preeclampsia-eclampsia o hipertensión arterial crónica. La LPR se asocia a entidades clínicas diversas, incluyendo la eclampsia. La paciente presentó, diez días después del parto, un cuadro clínico compuesto por cefalea, hipertensión arterial y convulsiones. El edema vasogénico reversible que afecta a la sustancia blanca de las regiones posteriores constituye el hallazgo característico en la resonancia magnética cerebral. Aunque el pronóstico es favorable, el tratamiento debe ser precoz y agresivo, efectuando un control rápido de las convulsiones y de la hipertensión arterial, con la finalidad de evitar el desarrollo de isquemia e infarto cerebral. Es necesario tener un alto índice de sospecha y considerar el diagnóstico de eclampsia posparto y LPR en mujeres que presenten convulsiones y otros síntomas neurológicos en el puerperio.